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The advent of additive manufacturing (AM) processes applied to the fabrication of structural components creates the need for design methodologies supporting structural optimization approaches that take into account the specific characteristics of the process. While AM processes enable unprecedented geometrical design freedom, which can result in significant reductions of component weight, on the other hand they have implications in the fatigue and fracture strength due to residual stresses and microstructural features. This is linked to stress concentration effects and anisotropy that still warrant further research. This Special Issue of Applied Sciences brings together papers investigating the features of AM processes relevant to the mechanical behavior of AM structural components, particularly, but not exclusively, from the viewpoints of fatigue and fracture behavior. Although the focus of the issue is on AM problems related to fatigue and fracture, articles dealing with other manufacturing processes with related problems are also be included.

History of engineering & technology --- milling process --- part functionality --- surface integrity --- research progress --- non-proportional mixed mode loading --- fractography --- mode II stress intensity factor --- finite element analysis --- rail steel --- wheel steel --- monolithic zirconia crown --- dental implant abutment --- cyclic loading --- mode III stress intensity factor --- FEA --- adaptive control --- fatigue testing --- simply supported bending --- mini specimen --- additive manufacturing --- 304L stainless steel --- LCF --- crack propagation --- blade-disc-Franc3D --- mixed-mode cracking --- fatigue life improvement --- materials characterization --- ultrasonic impact treatment --- DMLS --- fatigue --- fracture --- finite element method (FEM)

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The mechanics of fracture and fatigue have produced a huge body of research work in relation to applications to metal materials and structures. However, a variety of non-metallic materials (e.g., concrete and cementitious composites, rocks, glass, ceramics, bituminous mixtures, composites, polymers, rubber and soft matter, bones and biological materials, and advanced and multifunctional materials) have received relatively less attention, despite their attractiveness for a large spectrum of applications related to the components and structures of diverse engineering branches, applied sciences and architecture, and to the load-carrying systems of biological organisms. This book covers the broad topic of structural integrity of non-metallic materials, considering the modelling, assessment, and reliability of structural elements of any scale. Original contributions from engineers, mechanical materials scientists, computer scientists, physicists, chemists, and mathematicians are presented, applying both experimental and theoretical approaches.

History of engineering & technology --- Ethylene-propylene diene monomer rubber EPDM --- grommet --- physical properties --- optimization of shape design --- reliability of rocks --- fatigue load --- strain energy --- red sandstone --- distribution of strain energy --- indices --- multi-scale simulation --- fatigue loading --- road bridge decks --- stagnant water --- fracture toughness --- blast furnace slag --- particle size --- compressive strength --- concrete --- concrete cracking --- crack patterns --- carbon fiber-reinforced polymers—CFRP --- RC strengthening (in bending and shear) --- RC beams --- soft materials --- polymers --- strain rate --- defect tolerance --- digital image correlation --- stress concentrators --- notch blunting --- lightning strike --- composite reinforced panel --- blow-off impulse --- electric-thermal coupling --- boundary effect --- size effect --- tensile strength --- physical modelling test --- rock structure --- fracture --- deformation --- mining --- neutral axis --- self-healing --- successive strain gauge --- flexural test --- bridge decks --- pseudo-cracking method --- data assimilation --- triaxial compression test --- sandstone --- rock mechanics --- rock fracture --- energy evolution --- rock-like material --- crack propagation --- discrete element --- strain rate tensor --- velocity field --- jointed rock --- uniaxial tension loading --- numerical analysis --- discrete element method --- strata structural behavior --- numerical simulation --- tension weakening --- fractures --- goaf consolidation --- fatigue life --- modified asphalt mixture --- four-point bending beam fatigue test --- two-point trapezoidal beam fatigue test --- overlay tester --- embedment --- shale rock --- proppant pack --- fracture width --- fly ash --- fineness --- fracture energy --- critical stress intensity factor --- assessment --- bridge evaluation --- compressive membrane action --- concrete bridges --- fatigue --- fatigue assessment --- live loads --- prestressed concrete --- punching shear --- scale model --- CFRP --- Low Velocity Impacts --- Cohesive Zone Model (CZM) --- Finite Element Analysis (FEA) --- VUMAT --- inter-laminar damage --- intra-laminar damage --- chemical grouting --- flowing water --- water plugging rate --- joint roughness coefficient --- damage model --- mode-II microcracks --- thermodynamics --- reinforced concrete beam --- impact and quasi-static loading --- retrofitting --- mineral grain shape --- particle flow code --- uniaxial compression simulation --- rock mechanical property --- mesostructure --- finite element analysis --- cohesive zone model --- high performance concrete --- fibre-reinforced high performance concrete --- compressive stress --- compressive modulus of elasticity --- maximum compressive strain --- tension --- pressure-tension apparatus --- nondestructive testing --- ultrasonic pulse velocity --- ABAQUS FEA --- high-temperature wedge splitting test --- fracture parameters --- reducing condition --- carbon-containing refractories --- strain-softening --- failure probability --- diamond composite --- material failure characteristics --- reliability --- rock cutting picks --- civil engineering --- fiber-reinforced composite laminate --- multi-directional laminate --- delamination --- elastic interface --- energy release rate --- mixed-mode fracture --- enhanced PG-NEM --- functionally graded material (FGM) --- stress intensity factor (SIF) --- modified interaction integral --- metallic glasses --- shear bands --- mechanical properties --- fracture mechanism --- small wind turbine --- stall regulation --- pitch regulation --- aeroelastic simulation --- n/a --- Fatigue --- Fracture mechanics --- Structural integrity --- Polymers --- Composites --- Ceramics --- Concrete --- Rock --- Soft matter --- Advanced materials. --- carbon fiber-reinforced polymers-CFRP

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This Special Issue introduces recent research results on MEMS packaging and 3D integration whose subjects can be divided as follow; three papers on biocompatible implantable packaging, three papers on interconnect, three papers on bonding technologies, one paper on vacuum packaging, and three papers on modeling and simulation.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- heterogeneous integration --- wafer bonding --- wafer sealing --- room-temperature bonding --- Au-Au bonding --- surface activated bonding --- Au film thickness --- surface roughness --- microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) packaging --- inkjet printing --- redistribution layers --- capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUT) --- fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) --- adhesion --- thin film metal --- parylene --- neural probe --- scotch tape test --- FEM --- MEMS resonator --- temperature coefficient --- thermal stress --- millimeter-wave --- redundant TSV --- equivalent circuit model --- S-parameters extraction --- technology evaluation --- MEMS and IC integration --- MCDM --- fuzzy AHP --- fuzzy VIKOR --- fan-out wafer-level package --- finite element --- glass substrate --- reliability life --- packaging-on-packaging --- thermal sensors --- TMOS sensor --- finite difference time domain --- optical and electromagnetics simulations --- finite element analysis --- ultrasonic bonding --- metal direct bonding --- microsystem integration --- biocompatible packaging --- implantable --- reliability --- Finite element method (FEM) --- simulation --- multilayer reactive bonding --- integrated nanostructure-multilayer reactive system --- spontaneous self-ignition --- self-propagating exothermic reaction --- Pd/Al reactive multilayer system --- Ni/Al reactive multilayer system --- low-temperature MEMS packaging --- crack propagation --- microbump --- deflection angle --- stress intensity factor (SIF) --- polymer packaging --- neural interface --- chronic implantation --- n/a

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Studies on the corrosion and degradation of materials play a decisive role in the novel design and development of corrosion-resistant materials, the selection of materials used in harsh environments in designed lifespans, the invention of corrosion control methods and procedures (e.g., coatings, inhibitors), and the safety assessment and prediction of materials (i.e., modelling). These studies cover a wide range of research fields, including the calculation of thermodynamics, the characterization of microstructures, the investigation of mechanical and corrosion properties, the creation of corrosion coatings or inhibitors, and the establishment of corrosion modelling. This Special Issue is devoted to these types of studies, which facilitate the understanding of the corrosion fundamentals of materials in service, the development of corrosion coatings or methods, improving their durability, and eventually decreasing corrosion loss.

Technology: general issues --- Chemical engineering --- AC-HVAF --- FeB --- HEAs --- coating --- corrosion --- liquid zinc --- cuprous oxide nanochains --- thermal decomposition --- nanofluids --- photo-thermal conversion performance --- molecular dynamics --- binding energy --- crystallization prevention --- flocking for resisting blockage --- drainage pipe --- mechanochemical activation --- coal-gasification slag --- particle characteristics --- cementitious material --- reactivity --- traffic engineering --- damage identification --- deflection influence line --- continuous beam bridge --- multi-span bridges --- structural damage --- anti-blocking of flocking drainage pipe --- drainage pipe blockage by crystals --- mechanism --- mathematical modeling --- tunnel --- soft rock --- strain hardening/softening --- bearing capacity of footing --- numerical solution --- effect of intermediate principal stress --- CoCrFeNiSiMoW --- medium-entropy alloy coatings --- microstructure --- wear --- salt freezing --- erosion --- freeze thaw cycle --- concrete --- durability --- numerical simulation --- high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steel --- friction coefficient --- high temperature --- loess calcareous nodules --- heavy-metal ions --- single adsorption --- adsorption rate --- grey quality gain-loss --- engineering specifications --- process capability --- crystallization and clogging in pipe --- flow velocity --- pipe diameter --- pipe material --- friction stir welding --- aluminum and steel dissimilar metals butt --- high rotational speed --- ultra-high rotational speed --- intermetallic compound --- magnesium alloy --- composite coating --- structural characterization --- mechanical properties --- bioactivity --- antibacterial activity --- biocompatibility --- Feixianguan Formation --- underdetermined system --- curve reconstruction --- circulating neural network --- old well review --- weathered sand --- freeze–thaw cycles --- damage law --- microscopic characteristics --- deterioration mechanism --- flange shaft --- fatigue failure --- fracture mechanics --- stress intensity factor --- crack propagation --- bridge structure --- mode --- frequency --- displacement curve --- Z3CN20.09M --- corrosion fatigue --- fatigue life --- high temperature water --- SnO2-Sb2Ox --- sol-enhanced electrodeposition --- organic degradation --- micro-arc oxidation (MAO) --- SiO2 nanoparticles --- corrosion resistance --- wear property --- magnesium–lithium alloy --- localized corrosion --- corrosion product film --- annular channel angular extrusion --- predeformation --- 2A12 aluminum alloy --- heat treatment --- uniform mechanical properties --- Q345 steel --- hot-dipping aluminum-silicon --- annealing --- FeAl phase --- Al2O3 --- dissimilar metal cladding --- pressure vessel pipe–nozzle --- micro-hardness --- sweet cherry --- edible coating --- quality --- antioxidant enzymatic activities --- stainless steel --- titanium --- crevice corrosion --- multiphysics --- ring narrow groove --- mask electrochemical machining --- numerical simulation of the multiple physical fields --- diffusion barrier --- Cu interconnect --- self-formed --- Cu(Re) alloy --- subgrade engineering --- coarse-grained soil --- step cyclic loading --- dynamic triaxial test --- hysteresis curve --- n/a --- freeze-thaw cycles --- magnesium-lithium alloy --- pressure vessel pipe-nozzle